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首先，为了确保系统的安全性，操作系统会为每个进程分配特定的安全权限。在这些安全权限之间，有些权限对于某些进程或程序是必需的，但如果给予所有的进程或程序这些权限，会让系统面临风险。因此，操作系统利用一种名为“adjusttokenprivileges”的权限管理机制来分配和调整安全权限。
在本文中，我们将详细介绍adjusttokenprivileges的基础知识，探讨其用法和作用。
一、了解adjusttokenprivileges
adjusttokenprivileges允许程序请求调整开放的访问令牌的某些权限，如禁止特定的权限或增加其他权限。访问令牌是操作系统用于控制各类操作所需的一种数据结构，可以理解为是每个进程的“密码”，具有保护进程免遭攻击的作用。
Windows API在其user32.dll库中定义了adjusttokenprivileges函数。借助该函数，应用程序可以对访问令牌进行调整，从而控制进程的权限。
二、使用adjusttokenprivileges的场景
1. 防止恶意攻击
在互联网时代，面对各种来自网络的威胁，操作系统需要更加精细地控制进程的权限。使用adjusttokenprivileges可以禁用进程中某些威胁性的权限，从而保障系统安全性。
例如，系统管理员可以利用adjusttokenprivileges禁用某些系统进程的系统权限，以避免这些进程被恶意攻击而被用于不当用途。
2. 管理用户权限
在一个多用户的操作系统环境中，操作系统需要精确控制用户的权限，以保护访问受限信息或操作。此时，adjusttokenprivileges可以用于取消或新增用户权限，以确保用户的行为在权限范围内。
例如，银行系统需要确保客户的个人信息不会被非法访问。因此，对于一些特权用户，系统可以利用adjusttokenprivileges取消他们访问这些信息的权限，并在特殊情况下给予临时访问权限。
3. 调整进程运行方式
除了调整权限，adjusttokenprivileges还可以用来调整进程的运行方式。例如，我们可以通过该函数欺骗操作系统，让其以系统管理员的身份来运行某些进程。
在系统管理员有时会把自己的权限限制在标准用户范围内。但有时，由于企业或业务需要，在某些特殊情况下，他们需要以管理员身份运行某个进程。在这种情况下，adjusttokenprivileges可以帮助系统实现这一需求。
三、使用adjusttokenprivileges的方法
1. 获取访问令牌的句柄
在调用adjusttokenprivileges之前，程序首先需要获取当前访问令牌的句柄。在Windows API中，可以通过以下方法获取访问令牌的句柄：
HANDLE tokenHandle;
if (!OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(),
TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &tokenHandle))
{
// Handle error condition.
}
2. 调整访问令牌的权限
获取到访问令牌后，程序可以使用以下方法调整访问令牌的权限：
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tkp;
// Get the LUID for the shutdown privilege.
LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME,
&tkp.Privileges[0].Luid);
tkp.PrivilegeCount = 1; // one privilege to set
tkp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
// Enable the shutdown privilege in the access token.
AdjustTokenPrivileges(tokenHandle, FALSE, &tkp, 0,
(PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)NULL, 0);
3. 恢复访问令牌的权限
在使用完adjusttokenprivileges之后，程序应该将访问令牌的权限进行恢复，避免对系统产生不良影响。
例如：
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tkp;
LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME,
&tkp.Privileges[0].Luid);
tkp.PrivilegeCount = 1; // one privilege to set
tkp.Privileges[0].Attributes = 0;
// Disable the shutdown privilege in the access token.
AdjustTokenPrivileges(tokenHandle, FALSE, &tkp, 0,
(PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)NULL, 0);
四、结语
不难看出，adjusttokenprivileges的运用场景十分丰富，能完善和保护系统安全性和用户隐私。但在实际使用中，用户需要根据具体情况认真斟酌，以确保它的合理性和合法性。
Title: AdjustTokenPrivileges Administrator Permissions: Everything You Need to Know
As a Windows operating system user, you may have heard of AdjustTokenPrivileges, but what exactly it is and how it functions, might remain unclear.
This article will break down everything you need to know about AdjustTokenPrivileges administrator permissions, including what it is, how it works, and how to use it effectively.
What is AdjustTokenPrivileges?
AdjustTokenPrivileges is a function in the Windows operating system that allows a program to adjust the privileges assigned to a particular token. A token is an object that contains information about a user or a process that is used by the operating system to determine the user or process's access rights.
The privileges assigned to the token define the actions the user or process can perform. Only users with administrative privileges can adjust token privileges, which is why AdjustTokenPrivileges is often used by programs that require elevated permissions.
How Does AdjustTokenPrivileges Work?
AdjustTokenPrivileges works by taking a pointer to a token object and a pointer to a set of privileges, and then modifying the token to reflect the changes in privileges. A successful modification requires the specified privileges to already be assigned to the token.
Here are some of the things you can do using AdjustTokenPrivileges with administrator permissions:
1. Impersonate a User:
One of the most common uses of AdjustTokenPrivileges is to allow a program to impersonate a user. Impersonation is the process of running a program under the security context of a different user or process. It's often used in server applications where the server needs to run a program on behalf of a user.
2. Debug a Process:
Debugging a process requires administrative privileges, and AdjustTokenPrivileges can be used to obtain those privileges. Debugging a process allows you to monitor and control the execution of the process, making it an important feature for developers and system administrators.
3. Allocate Memory:
Another use of AdjustTokenPrivileges is to allocate memory in the address space of another process. This is a crucial feature for malware and virus testing, as it allows a program to manipulate the memory of another process.
How to Use AdjustTokenPrivileges Effectively?
AdjustTokenPrivileges is a powerful tool, but it can also be dangerous if used incorrectly. Here are some tips for using AdjustTokenPrivileges effectively:
1. Only use it when necessary:
Always use AdjustTokenPrivileges with caution and only when necessary. Avoid using it for tasks that can be performed with normal user privileges.
2. Close the handle right away:
Once you're done using the token, close the handle right away. This will prevent other programs from accessing the token and making unauthorized changes.
3. Authenticate the user:
Before impersonating a user using AdjustTokenPrivileges, authenticate the user first to ensure that they have the appropriate permissions. This will help to prevent security breaches.
Conclusion
AdjustTokenPrivileges is an important function in the Windows operating system, allowing programs to modify the token privileges of a user or process. With administrator privileges, you can perform various tasks and operations that are otherwise unavailable to normal users.
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